Challenges for Scaling Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

The 2025 International Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicles Conference and Exhibition held from June 18 to 20 highlighted significant advancements in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), including the world's first 260-ton hydrogen mining truck and the debut of the next-generation NEXO hydrogen fuel cell SUV in China. Experts indicate that FCVs are transitioning from demonstration applications to large-scale development, necessitating improvements in top-level design, technological breakthroughs, and increased application promotion to drive the industry forward. Through years of development, hydrogen fuel vehicles have achieved breakthroughs in vehicle manufacturing and core technologies, leading to enhanced performance that meets market demands. Key components are also seeing rapid advancements. For instance, the 260-ton hydrogen mining truck developed by Shanghai Hydrogen Energy Group and Xugong Group is the largest of its kind globally, featuring industry-leading technology and innovative designs. Significant technological achievements include a high-power battery system, decentralized hydrogen storage, and an intelligent algorithm for energy recovery, allowing operation in extreme temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius with a lifespan of up to 25,000 hours. The application of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles continues to expand across various sectors, particularly in heavy commercial vehicles. As demonstration policies are implemented and hydrogen corridors are established, FCVs are now utilized in diverse transportation scenarios beyond just buses, including logistics and public transport. Industry leaders emphasize the importance of creating application scenarios for hydrogen technology to spur industrial upgrades. Despite progress, challenges remain in scaling the FCV industry, including regulatory standards and high hydrogen prices. Experts urge continued policy support and innovation in hydrogen fuel technology to facilitate the sector's growth. The National Energy Administration has also announced pilot projects to enhance hydrogen energy development, aiming to strengthen the entire hydrogen industry chain and support the widespread adoption of fuel cell vehicles.